Dynamics
| Pianissimo | Very soft |
| Piano | Soft |
| Mezzo piano | Moderately soft |
| Mezzo forte | Moderately loud |
| Forte | Loud |
| Fortissimo | Very loud |
| Crescendo | Increasing in loudness |
| Decrescendo | decreasing in loudness |
| Diminuendo | diminishing in loudness |
| Rinforzando | sudden increase in loudness |
| Sforzando | play the note with sudden emphasis |
