| Staccato |
a dot placed above or below a note means to play it short |
| Slur |
a curved line either above or below notes that connects two different pitches that are to be played smoothly |
| Tie |
a curved line either above or below two of the same notes indicating not to attack the second note |
| Tenuto |
a line above or below the note means to play the full value of the note |
| Accent |
an accent placed above or below the note means to emphasise the not |
| Breath Mark |
an apostrophe placed above the staff means to take a breath |
